Useful Git commands.

Lets discuss some of the most common and useful Git commands:

Git is a version control system that lets us manage our source code. GitHub is a cloud-based hosting service that lets us manage Git repositories.

Below are a list of some frequently used commands that we use on Git
(git bash).

1. To initiate a folder for a new or existing project :

git init

2. To add a file to the staging area :

git add <file_name>

3. To add all the files to the staged area :

git add .
or
git add -A

4. To check status of the files :

git status

5. To commit changes to the head repository (local) :

git commit -m "commit message"

6. To view all the commits made :

git log

7. To view desired number of commits :

git log -p -10

Note : Here we have entered 10 but it can be your desired number.

8. To remove a file from the staging area :

git rm --cached <file_name>

9. to create a new branch :

git branch <branch_name>

10. To create a branch and move to that branch :

git checkout -b <branch_name>

11. To switch between branches :

git checkout <branch_name>

12. To know all the branches :

git branch

13. To add a file in staged area as well as commit :

git -am "commit message"
or 
git -a -m "commit message"

14. To merge a branch into the current branch :

git merge <branch_name>

15. To go to the last commit made :

git checkout <file_name>
or
git checkout -- <file_name>

16. To go to the last commit of all the files:

git checkout -f

17. To compare current file with the staged version of that file :

git diff

18. To compare staged file with the last commit version of that file :

git diff --staged

19. To remove a file from both staging area as well as working folder/directory :

git rm <file_name>

20. To check short status/ overview of a file :

git status -s

21. To delete a git repository :

rm -rf .git

22. To rename a file as well as stage the file :

git mv <file_name> <new_file_name>

23. To know all the commits in one line :

git log --pretty=oneline

24. To know all the commits in short/ comprised form :

git log --pretty=short

25. To know all the commits in long form :

git log --pretty=long

26. To know all the commits for a desired time period :

git log --since=number.desired-time-period

Example : git log --since=2.weeks

27. To un-stage a file :

git restore --staged <file_name>

28. To set a new name (alias) for a command :

git config --global alias.<new_name> <original_name>

Example : git config --global alias.ct commit

29. To discard all the changes made n a file :

git restore <file_name>

30. To connect local and remote repository (example — connect git with GitHub) :

git remote add origin <url of the remote repository>

Note : origin is now the alias name for the remote repository link. We can mention any desired name in the place of origin.

31. To know the remote repositories :

git remote

32. To push master branch to the remote repository (origin) :

git push -u origin master

33. To change link (url) of the origin (remote repository) :

git remote set-url origin <new_link>

34. To clone a repository from GitHub :

git clone <repository clone url>

35. To pull a branch from remote repository :

git pull

36. To push files to the master branch (remote repository) directly:

git push

37. To push a branch to the GitHub with alias name :

git push <branch>:<new_branch_name>

Example : We have a branch name feature in our local repository and we want to push that branch with name div1 → command : git push feature:div

38. To delete a merged branch from local repository :

git branch -d <branch_name>

39. To delete a branch which in un-merged from local repository :

git branch -D <branch_name>

40. To delete a branch from remote repository :

git push -d origin <branch_name>